The grammar of Caesar, Cicero, Vergil
Latin Grammar
An Allen & Greenough–grounded reference, written for AP-level reading and beyond.
Contents
68 hubsWords & Forms
De Vocabulis et Formis
How Latin words are built and inflected. Stems, endings, declensions, conjugations.
Syntax
De Constructione
How Latin sentences work. Cases at work, mood and tense in use, subordinate clauses, indirect discourse, word order.
Prosody
De Numeris
How Latin sounds and scans. Quantity, accent, meter, the music of verse.
Part I · De Vocabulis et Formis
Words & Forms
How Latin words are built and inflected. Stems, endings, declensions, conjugations.
Foundations
Start here. The architecture of every Latin word.
3 hubs
Foundations
Start here. The architecture of every Latin word.
Start here. The architecture of every Latin word.
Nouns
Five declensions. Cases, gender, the irregular cousins.
8 hubs
Nouns
Five declensions. Cases, gender, the irregular cousins.
Five declensions. Cases, gender, the irregular cousins.
Adjectives
Form, declension family, comparison.
4 hubs
Adjectives
Form, declension family, comparison.
Pronouns
The little words that point, refer, and stand in.
5 hubs
Pronouns
The little words that point, refer, and stand in.
Numerals
Cardinals, ordinals, distributives, Roman numerals.
1 hub
Numerals
Cardinals, ordinals, distributives, Roman numerals.
Cardinals, ordinals, distributives, Roman numerals.
Verbs (Forms)
Conjugation system: stems, principal parts, paradigms, voice.
2 hubs
Verbs (Forms)
Conjugation system: stems, principal parts, paradigms, voice.
Conjugation system: stems, principal parts, paradigms, voice.
Particles
Adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions — the connective tissue.
3 hubs
Particles
Adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions — the connective tissue.
Adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions — the connective tissue.
Word Formation
How Latin grows its lexicon: derivation, suffixes, compounds.
7 hubs
Word Formation
How Latin grows its lexicon: derivation, suffixes, compounds.
How Latin grows its lexicon: derivation, suffixes, compounds.
Part II · De Constructione
Syntax
How Latin sentences work. Cases at work, mood and tense in use, subordinate clauses, indirect discourse, word order.
Orientation
How Latin sentences are built. The lay of the land.
6 hubs
Orientation
How Latin sentences are built. The lay of the land.
Cases at Work
What each case actually does in a sentence.
5 hubs
Cases at Work
What each case actually does in a sentence.
What each case actually does in a sentence.
Accusative Case
10 drills§§386–397. eAccusative Direct Object, Two Accusatives, Accusative of Extent & Duration, Greek Accusative (of Respect), Cognate Accusative, Exclamatory Accusative
Genitive Case
17 drills§§341–359Possessive Genitive, Partitive Genitive, Objective Genitive, Genitive with Adjectives, Genitive with Verbs (Memory, Charge, Feeling), Genitive of Description (Quality), Genitive of Value & Price
Dative Case
12 drills§§360–385Dative of Possession, Dative of Agent, Dative of Purpose & Double Dative, Dative with Adjectives, Dative with Compound Verbs, Dative with Special Verbs
Ablative Case
21 drills§§398–421Ablative of Separation, Ablative of Place from Which, Ablative of Cause, Ablative of Agent, Ablative of Comparison, Ablative of Means, Ablative of Manner, Ablative of Accompaniment, Ablative of Specification (Respect), Ablative Absolute, Ablative with Special Deponent Verbs
Time & Place Constructions
3 drills§§423–430The Locative Case, Ablative of Time When & Within Which
Verbs: Mood, Tense, Sequence
Indicative, subjunctive, imperative, infinitive — and the sequence rule.
6 hubs
Verbs: Mood, Tense, Sequence
Indicative, subjunctive, imperative, infinitive — and the sequence rule.
Indicative, subjunctive, imperative, infinitive — and the sequence rule.
Moods: Indicative, Subjunctive, Imperative, Infinitive
§§437–463Imperative Mood, Infinitive Mood
Subjunctive in Main Clauses
16 drills§§439–447Hortatory & Jussive Subjunctive, Optative Subjunctive, Deliberative Subjunctive, Potential Subjunctive
Tenses: Meaning & Use
4 drills§§464–475Historical Present, Imperfect: Continuous, Habitual & Inceptive
Sequence of Tenses
§§481–479Primary & Secondary Tenses (Sequence of Tenses)
Verb Syntax: Edge Cases
§§317–436Irregular, Defective, and Impersonal Verbs
§§201–212
Verbal Nouns & Participles
The verb as adjective, noun, and absolute construction.
2 hubs
Verbal Nouns & Participles
The verb as adjective, noun, and absolute construction.
Subordinate Clauses
When, if, although, in order that — the subjunctive's home.
4 hubs
Subordinate Clauses
When, if, although, in order that — the subjunctive's home.
When, if, although, in order that — the subjunctive's home.
Temporal Clauses
§§541–556Cum Clauses
Conditional Sentences
11 drills§§511–525Future Conditions (Vivid & Less Vivid), Contrary-to-Fact Conditions
Substantive Clauses
3 drills§§560–575Indirect Questions, Indirect Commands, Fearing Clauses
Subordinate Clauses (Other Types)
10 drills§§526–559Concessive Clauses, Purpose Clauses (Final), Causal Clauses, Relative Clause of Characteristic, Relative Clause of Purpose, Result Clauses, Clauses of Doubting (Quīn / Quōminus)
Indirect Discourse
The classic Latin construction: ōrātiō oblīqua.
1 hub
Indirect Discourse
The classic Latin construction: ōrātiō oblīqua.
The classic Latin construction: ōrātiō oblīqua.
Word Classes (Syntax)
How adjectives, pronouns, particles behave in sentences.
6 hubs
Word Classes (Syntax)
How adjectives, pronouns, particles behave in sentences.
How adjectives, pronouns, particles behave in sentences.
Part III · De Numeris
Prosody
How Latin sounds and scans. Quantity, accent, meter, the music of verse.
Sound & Scansion
Quantity, rhythm, the meters of Latin verse.
5 hubs
Sound & Scansion
Quantity, rhythm, the meters of Latin verse.
Quantity, rhythm, the meters of Latin verse.